1. certain 형
: It ~ that 절
that 절의 주어를 주어로 한 부정사 구문
여기에 속하는 형용사: likely, lucky, fortunate (운좋게도 ~ 하는)
1) It is certain that he will pass the exam. = He is certain to pass the exam.
(cf.) It is certain for him to pass the exam. (×)
2) It is not likely that he will come. = He is not likely to come.
3) It is fortunate that we live in this town. = We are fortunate to live in this town.
(우리는 운좋게도 이 도시에 살게 되었다.)
2. natural 형
: It ~ for + 목적격 to 부정사
It ~ that 절
여기에 속하는 형용사: desirable, essential, important, necessary, remarkable
1) It is natural for her to love him. = It is natural that she should love him.
(cf.) She is natural to love him. (×)
He is natural for her to love. (×)
2) It is necessary for you to study English. = It is necessary that you should study English.
3) It is desirable that you should attend the meeting.
= It is desirable for you to attend the meeting.
3. true 형
: It ~ that 절만 가능함
여기에 속하는 형용사: possible, impossible (추측의 뜻일 때)
1) It is true that he is a poet.
(cf.) It is true for him to be a poet. (×)
2) It is impossible that he has done the work for himself.
= He can't have done the work for himself.
(그는 혼자서 그 일을 했을리가 없다.)
3) It is possible that he has succeeded. = He may have succeeded.
(그는 성공했을지도 모른다.)
4. easy 형
: It ~ for + 목적격 to 부정사
to 부정사의 의미상의 목적어를 주어로 한 부정사 구문
여기에 속하는 형용사: difficult, convenient, dangerous, hard, pleasant, boring,
comfortable, painful, wonderful, possible, impossible
(가능, 불가능의 뜻일 때)
1) It is easy for us to please him. = He is easy for us to please.
(cf.) It is easy that we please him.(×)
We are easy to please him.(×)
2) It is difficult to master English. = English is difficult to master.
3) It is pleasant to talk with him. = He is pleasant to talk with.
4) It is dangerous to bathe in this river. = This river is dangerous to bathe in.
5) It is possible for us to please him. = He is possible for us to please.
(우리가 그를 기쁘게 하는 것은 가능하다.)
6) It is impossible for me to persuade her. = She is impossible for me to persuade.
(내가 그녀를 설득시키는 것은 불가능하다.)
5. wise 형
: It ~ of + 목적격 to 부정사
to 부정사의 의미상의 주어를 주어로 한 부정사 구문
여기에 속하는 형용사: considerate, cruel, clever, careless, foolish, kind, nice, stupid,
silly
1) It is wise of you to do so. = You are wise to do so.(네가 그렇게 하다니 현명하구나.)
(cf.) It is wise that you do so. (×)
2) It is very kind of you to help me. = You are very kind to help me.
(네가 나를 도와 주다니 매우 친절하구나.)
(cf.) I am very kind of you to help. (×)
3) It was stupid of her to make such a mistake. = She was stupid to make such a mistake.
(그녀가 그러한 실수를 저지르다니 어리석었구나.)
6. be about to + 동사의 원형 = be on the point [verge, brink] of + G
: 이제 막 ~ 하려고 하다
1) She is about to leave. (그녀는 이제막 떠나려고 한다.)
= She is on the point [verge, brink] of leaving.
7. 부정어....... without + G .... : ....하기면 하면 ...한다, ....하면 반드시 ....하다
부정어 ...... but + S + V....
When S + V..... , S always + V....
Whenever S + V.... , S + V......
Every time [ At any time ] S + V..... , S + V .....
1) It never rains without pouring.
= It never rains but it pours.
= It never rains that it doesn't pour.
= When it rains, it always pours.
= Whenever it rains, it pours.
= Every time [At any time] it rains, it pours.
8. cannot but + 동사의 원형 : ~하지 않을 수 없다
= cannot help + G
= cannot avoid + G
= cannot keep[refrain, abstain] from +G
= cannot choose but + 동사의 원형
= have no choice but to 부정사
= can do nothing but + 동사의 원형
= There is nothing for it but to 부정사
1) I cannot but laugh at the funny sight. (나는 우스운 광경을 보고 웃지 않을 수 없었다.)
= I cannot help laughing at the funny sight.
= I cannot choose but laugh at the funny sight.
= I have no choice but to laugh at the funny sight.
= I can do nothing but laugh at the funny sight.
= There is nothing for it but to laugh at the funny sight.
9. feel like + G: ~하고 싶다
= feel inclined to + 동사의 원형
= have a mind to + 동사의 원형
1) I feel like taking a walk.(나는 산책하고 싶다.)
= I feel inclined to take a walk.
= I have a mind to take a walk.
10. It is no use[good] + G : ~해도 소용이 없다
= It is of no use to + 동사의 원형
= There is no use (in) + G
= There is no point in + G
= What's the use of + G
1) It is no use crying over spilt milk.(엎질러진 우유를 놓고 울어보았자 소용이 없다.)
= It is of no use to cry over spilt milk.
= There is no use (in) crying over spilt milk.
= There is no point in crying over spilt milk.
= What's the use of crying over spilt milk.
11. It goes without saying that S + V : ~은 말할 나위도 없다, ~은 말할 것도 없다
= It is a matter of course that S + V
= It is needless[of no need] to say that S + V
1) It goes without saying that man is mortal. (인간이 죽는다는 것은 말할 나위도 없다.)
= It is a matter of course that man is mortal.
= It is needless[of no need] to say that man is mortal.
12. make a point of + G : 반드시 ~하다, ~하는 것을 규칙으로 삼다
= make it a rule [point] to + 동사의 원형
= be in the habit of + G
1) He makes a point of getting up early. (그는 일찍 일어나는 것을 규칙으로 삼는다.)
= He makes it a point [rule] to get up early.
= He is in the habit of getting up early.
13. of one's own + ~ ing : 자기 자신이 직접 ~ 한
= 관계사절 + ~ ing
1) This is a picture I painted myself.
= This is a picture of my own painting.
*이 구문에서는 절대 완료 동명사를 사용하지 않는다.
2) That was a picture I had painted myself.
= That was a picture of my own painting.
14. There is no + G ~ : ~하는 것은 불가능하다, ~할 수 없다
= It is impossible to + 동사의 원형
= S(사람) cannot + 동사의 원형
1) There is no accounting for tastes.(사람마다 취미도 갖가지.)
= It is impossible to account for tastes.
= We cannot account for tastes.
15. What do you say to + G ~? : ~ 하는 것이 어떻습니까?
= What do you think about + G ~?
= What[How] about + G ~?
= Why don't you + 동사의 원형 ~ ?
= Let's + 동사의 원형 ~ , shall we?
1) What do you say to having a drink?
= What do you think about having a drink?
= How about having a drink?
= Why don't you have a drink?
= Let's have a drink, shall we?
16. a) 동명사만을 목적어로 취하는 동사
: avoid, mind, enjoy, finish, escape, practice, give up, deny
b) look forward to + G : ~하기를 학수 고대하다
object to + G : ~에 반대하다
devote oneself to + G : ~에 몰두하다
with a view to + G : ~하기 위하여 (= for the purpose of)
be used[accustomed] to + G : ~하는데 익숙해 져 있다
1) You must avoid playing with such a boy.
2) I object to being treated like this.
3) He devoted himself to studying physics with a view to becoming a great physicist.
4) I am not used to working hard every day.
17. 독립 부정사 구문
a) strange to say: 이상한 이야기지만
b) to be frank with you: 솔직히 말해서
c) so to speak: 말하자면
d) to make matters worse: 설상가상으로
e) to say nothing of = not to mention = not to speak of: ~은 말할 것도 없이
f) to tell the truth: 진실을 말하자면, 사실대로 말하자면
1) Strange to say, the light went out of itself.
2) To be frank with you, I am against the plan. (솔직히 말해, 나는 그 계획에 반대한다.)
3) Inventions are born, so to speak, of fancy. (발명은, 말하자면, 공상으로부터 생겨난다.)
4) To make matters worse, his wife fell ill.
5) She disliked a caterpillar, to say nothing of a snake.
(그녀는 뱀은 말할 것도 없이 송충이도 싫어한다.)
6) To tell the truth, they are not twin sisters.
18. 형용사[부사] enough to + 동사의 원형 : 아주 ~해서 ~다, 아주 ~ 하기 때문에 ~ 하다
= so + 형용사[부사] that S can + 동사의 원형
= so + 형용사[부사] as to + 동사의 원형
1) He is old enough to understand it.
= He is so old that he can understand it.
= He is so old as to understand it.
19. 1) 지각동사(see, hear, feel, perceive, watch) + 목적어 + 동사의 원형[현재분사]
: 목적어와의 관계가 능동일 때
지각동사 + 목적어 + 과거분사: 목적어와의 관계가 수동일 때
2) 사역동사(have, make) + 목적어 + 동사의 원형: 목적어와의 관계가 능동일 때
사역동사 + 목적어 + 과거분사: 목적어와의 관계가 수동일 때 (~을 당하다, 시키다)
3) get + 목적어 + to 부정사: 목적어와의 관계가 능동일 때
get + 목적어 + 과거분사: 목적어와의 관계가 수동일 때
1) I saw him enter[entering] the room. (나는 그가 방에 들어가는 것을 보았다.)
2) I'll have someone carry my luggage to the hotel.
(나는 누군가에게 내 짐을 호텔로 나르게 하겠다)
I had my purse stolen. (나는 지갑을 도난당했다.)
I had my watch mended. (나는 시계를 수선시켰다.)
3) I'll get someone to carry my luggage to the hotel.
Where did you get your visiting cards printed? (어디서 당신의 명함을 찍었습니까?)
20. have the + 추상명사 to + 동사의 원형 : ~하게도 ~ 하다
= 형용사 enough to + 동사의 원형
= so + 형용사 + as to + 동사의 원형
1) He had the kindness to show me the way. (그는 친절하게도 나에게 길을 가르쳐 주었다.)
= He was kind enough to show me the way.
= He was so kind as to show me the way.
= He kindly showed me the way.
21. It is (high) time that S + 과거동사: ~할 시간이다
= It is time that S + should + 동사의 원형
= It is time for + 목적격 to + 동사의 원형
1) It is time that we went to bed. (우리가 잠자리에 들 시간이다)
= It is time that we should go to bed.
= It is time for us to go to bed.
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